Process for resolving petroleum emulsions



Patented Feb. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE 2,231,759 raocsss roa RESOLVING PETROLEUM EMULSI ONS Melvin De Groote, University City, and Bernhard Keiser and Charles M. Blair, Jr., Webster Groves, Mo., assignors to Petrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Dela- This application is a continuation, in part, of our pending application for patent Serial No. 268,817, filed April 19, 1939, now Patent 2,192,994, dated March 12, 1940, for Process for resolving petroleum emulsions.

One object of our invention is to provide a novel process for resolving petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, that are commonly re-- ferred to as cut oil, roily oil, "emulsified oil, etc., and which comprise fine droplets of naturally-occurring water or brines dispersed in a more or less permanent state throughout the oil which constitutes the continuous phase of' the emulsion.

Another object of our invention is to provide an economical and rapid process for separating emulsions which have been prepared under controlled conditions from mineral oil, such as crude petroleum, and relatively soft waters or weak brines. Controlled emulsiflcation and subsequent demulsification under the conditions just mentioned is of significant value in removing impurities, particularly inorganic salts, from pipeline oil.

Attention is directed to our U. S. Patent No. 2,154,423, dated April 18, 1939. In said patent there is described, among other things, a new composition of matter, which is particularly adapted for use as a demulsifier in the resolution of crude oil emulsions, and which consists of a certain kind of complex amine derived by reaction between: (a) a polybaslc carboxy acid body, particularly a dibasic carboxy acid body, such as phthalic anhydride; and (b) simpler amines of the kind therein described. It is pointedout in said patent that wherever a carboxyl radical, particularly the carboxyl radical of the polybasic carboxy acid, exists, it may be permitted to remain as such, or the hydrogen atom thereof may be replaced by some suitable metallic atom, or by some organic radical, or by any other suitable means indicated in said patent. One subclass or species of the broad genus described in said patent is the type in which the carboxylic hydrogen atom has been replaced by an organic radical obtained by dehydroxylation of a hydroxylated basic amine, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc.

If, instead of using triethanolamine or the like,

one employs instead, a polymerized hydroxy amine, then one obtains a chemical compound which is considerably more effective as a demulsifier than the comparable compound derived from unpolymerized triethanolamine or the like. It is well known that alkylol amines or similar 5 basic hydroxy amines, i. e., amines characterized by the fact that there is no aryl radical directly attached to the amino nitrogen atom, can be polymerized by heating to elevated temperatures, particularly in the presence of suitable l0 catalysts. Generally speaking, the catalysts are basic materials, or materials having a basic reaction, such as caustic soda, soap and the like. Polymerized amines contain two or more amino nitrogen atoms, but the most desirable form for our purpose is the form in which there are at least three nitrogen atoms present, and not more than five nitrogen atoms. Such amines may be polymerized to the degree that the material shows surface activity, when dissolved in water, either in the form of the amine (forming a base with water, of course), or in the form of a salt, such as the acetate. For the sake of convenience. we will refer to the polymerized amines, broadly, as the polymerized product. We will refer to the form containing two nitrogen atoms as the dimeric form, and the type containing three, four, or five nitrogen atoms as the polymeric form. -When sufficiently polymerized, the product will be surface-active. This means that a dilute solution, as such, or in the form of the acetate (for instance, one tenth of 1% to 1%) will foam. We will refer to such type as the highly polymerized surface-active form. In actual practice, the amine that is available most cheaply and which polymerizes most readily, and which gives the most desirable type of demulsiiier, is triethanolamine, particularly commerical triethanolamine, which; as is known, contains a small amount of monoethanolamine and an appreciable amount of diethanolamine. The composition ofsuch polymerized amines is not definitely known, except that the polymerizatlon takes place obviously by virtue of ether linkages. Examination of triethanolamine, for example, indicates that cyclic polymers could be formed or linear polymers could be formed, or polymers could be formed which involve both linear and cyclic formations.

Needless to say, since polymerization involves ether linkages, one may include a polyhydric alcohol, suchas a glycol or glycerol, ricinoelyl alcohol, or one might include polyhydric alcohols containing ether linkages, such as diethylene glycol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, and the like. Monohydric alcohols, of course, can be employed only to form ether es with a terminal hydroxyl group. Thus, one mole of triethanolamine, for example, and three moles of ethyl alcohol might not form a highly polymerized material. The principle involved, of course, is readily understood, in view of the coon theory of polyfunctionality in regard to resinous. or subresinous materials derived from polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids. To produce highly polymerized materials one must have reactants which are at least bifunction'al. In polymerizations of the kind described the polyhydroxylated amines are bifunctional or polyfunct'ional intermolecular-1y. Monohydroxylated amines, such as ethanolamine, or a diethylethanolamine, are in the same class as monohydric alcohols, i. e., they are mono-functional, unless, as far as the material such as monoethanolamine is concerned, the hydrogen atoms attached to the amino nitrogen atom could be removed with the formation of water, with the result that instead of an ether linkage, there is a direct carbon atom, nitrogen atom bond. Thus, in the claims references will be made to the polymerization oi polyiunctional alkylol amines, the intention being to emphasize this particular feature. As has been indicated, however, mono-functional compounds, such as monohydric alcohols and certain, monohydroxy amines are acceptable to form part of the polymerized compound or composition. Furthermore, polyhydric alcohols may be employed to produce the same polymeric structures as polyhydrated amines. The preferred type of compound,- however, is prepared without the introduction of polyhydric alcohols, such as glycercls, glycols, and the like. If desired, such particular type of preferred polymer may be indicated as being free from polyhydric alcohol residues, or more broadly, free from. alcohol residues, the word alcohol being used in the sense to refer to non-amino bodies, 1. e., the glyccls and glycerols, and is not intended to refer to amino alcohols, as the term is sometimes used in the description of triethanolamine or the like.

The polymerization of the basic hydroxy amines is efiected by heating same at elevated temperatures, generally in the neighborhood of 20b to 270 0., preferably in the presence of catalysts, such as sodium hydromde, potassium hydroxide,

sodium ethylate, sodium giycerate, or catalysis of the kind commonly employed in the manuiac ture of superglycerinated fats and the like. The proportion of catalysts employed may v from slightly less than one tenth of 1%, in so instances, to slightly over 1% in other insces.

Needless to say, in the event the alcohol e is low boiling, customary precautions must be taken so as not to lose part of the reactants. On the other, hand, conditions ti be such as to permit the removal oi water formed dg the process. At times the process can be ducted most readily by permitting part of the volatile constituents to distill, and subsequently subiect ing the vapors to condensation. The volatile distillate 1y contains the water formed by etherlzation. Water can be separated from such condensed distillate by any suitable means, for instance, disti with xylene, or

i removal of the water and subsequent removal of the xylene. The dried condensate is then returned to the reaction chamber for further use. In some instances, condensation can best be conducted in the presence of a high boiling solvent, which is permitted to distill in such a manner as to remove water of reaction. In any event, the speed of reaction and the character of the polymerized product depends not only upon the original reactants themselves, but also on the nature and amount of catalyst employed, on the temperature employed, time of reaction and speed of water removal, i. e., the efi'ectiveness with which the water of reaction is removed from the combining mass. Polymerization can be effected without the use of catalysts in the majority of instances, but such procedure is generally undesirable, due to the fact that reaction takes a prolonged period of time and usually a significantly higher temperature. It is noted that in the subsequent examples the final compositions of matter which are contemplated, particularly for use as demulsifiers, are preferably derived by means of water-soluble polymerized hydroxy amines as one of the reactants. Thus, all; the subsequent description of polymerized hydroxy amines has been limited largely to the type which is water-soluble, and is obviously the preferred type. However, it must be recognized that polymerized hydroxy amines, particularly if polymerized for a fairly long period-0f time, at a fairly high' temperature, and in the presence of an active catalyst, may result in a polymerization reaction which ends in a product,

that is water-insoluble, or substantially waterinsoluble. Obviously, such water-insoluble material can be obtained more readily from a higher hydroxy amine than'from a lower one. In other words, tributanolamine, trihexanolamine, trioctanolamine, etc., would yield such insoluble products much more readily than triethanolamine.

Incidentally, it also must be recognized that the of reaction and the, degree of poly- Inerization is affected by the nature of the vessel in which the reaction takes place. In the examples cited, it is intended that reaction take place in a metal vessel, such as iron. However, in order to obtain the same degree of polymerization when conducting the reaction in a, glass lined vessel, it is quite likely that the period of reaction would have to be increased 150 to 400%.

Suitable hydroxy primary and secondary amineswhlch may be employed to produce materials ,ot the kind above described include the following: dlethanolamlne, monoethanolamlne, ethyl ethanolamine, methyl ethanolamine, proolamlne, dlpropanolamine, propyl propanolamine, etc. Other examples include cyclohexanole, dicyclohexanolamine, cyclohexyl ethanole, cyclohexyl propanolamine, benzyl ethanolamine, benzyl propanolamine, pentanolamine, hexanolamine, octyl ethanolamine, octadecyl ethanolamine, cyclohexanol ethanolamlne, etc.

Similarly, suitable hydroxy tertiary amines which may be employed include the following: triethanole, diethanolalkylamines, such as diethanol ethylamine, dlethanol propylamine, etc. Other examples include dlethanol propylamlne, etc. Other examples include dlethanol methyle, tripropanolamine, dipropanol methylamln e, cyclohexanol diethanolamine, dlcyclohenanol ethanolamirie, cyclohexyl diethanole, dicyclohexyl ethanolamlne, dlcyclohexzylethanolamine, benzyl dipropanolamine, tripentanolamine, trihexanolamine, ethyl hexyl ethanolamine, octadecyl diethanolamine, polyethanolamine, etc.

It is also known that one may have amines of the type:

Such amines may serve as functional equivalents of the previously described amines.

Attention is directed to the fact that the alkylolamines are obtained in such a manner that they may be looked upon as being derivatives of dihydric alcohols or of the chlorhydrins of the dihydric alcohols. For example, the alkylolamines may be prepared as follows:

As previously stated, the C'zHi radical may be any one of a number of hydrocarbon radicals which are aliphatic, alicyclic, or aralkylin nature.

It is at once manifest that similar derivatives are available from glycerols, polyglycerols, and the like, as indicated by thefollowing reaction:

(onncamijcjflfiiinm It is not necessary to point out that the same types of reactions will produce secondary or tertiary amines, and that the reaction is not limited to a combination with ammonia, but may take place with a combination of other primary or secondary amines, such as amylamine, diamylamine, cyclohexylamine dicyclohexylamine, benzylamine, dibenzylamine, amyl cyclohexylamine, etc.

This means that in the types of material previously described, there is a wide variety of material, such as monoglycerylamine, diglycerylamine, monoglyceryl diethylamine, monoglyceryl dipropylamine, diglyceryl propylamine, triglycerylamine, etc., which are functional equivalents of the various amines "previously described. All that has been said here in regard to functional equivalents will be perfectly obvious without further-explanation to those skilled in the art. See U. S. Patent No; 2,091,704, datedAugust 31,

, 1937, to Duncan and McAllister, and also U. S. Patent'No. 2,042,621, dated June 2, 1936, to Olin. Attention is directed to co-pending application for patent SerialNo. 273,221, filed May 12, 1939, by Melvin De Groote. Said aforementioned application describes, among other things, the forma- 'tion of hydroxy diamines, particularly. certain hydroxylated methylene diamin'es by, reactions involving an aldehydeQsuch as formaldehyde, and

secondary amines, as, ior example, diethanolamine. ,Ingsuch reactionthe amino hydrogen atoms are removed along withthe'oiwgen oi the aldehyde, for instance, the oxygen atom of formaldehyde. The resultant product is tetraethanolmethylene diamine. Suehj hydroxylated amines, or comparable types, such aspolyethylene diamin'es, maybege'mployed, in the same manher as the other hydroxylatedamines oithe kind previouslydescribed,

Attention is also directed taco-P nding applicationfor patent Serial ,No.,2 'l,3,278,'flled May 12,,

1939, by Melvin De Groote and Bernhard Keiser.

Briefly stated, said co-pending application teaches, among other things, the formation of certain hydroxylated amines by means of an alcoholate derived, for example, from triethanolamine and a chlorhydrin, such as glycerine chlorhydrin, and the like. Examples of hydroxylated amines obtained by the procedure described in said afore-- mentioned De Groote and Keiser application may be illustrated by the following examples:

Attention is also directed. to the fact that suitable amines include tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, and derivatives thereof, obtained in various manners, for instance, by reaction with chlorhydrins, alkyl chlorides, and the like, particularly ethylene glycol chlorhydrin, glyceryl monochlorhydrin, etc.

Pol ymeri zed hydroxy amine-Example 1 Polymerized hydroxy amineExample 2 The same procedure is employed as in the previous example, except that heating is continued for approximately anotherhour. In this instance the reaction mass is largely a polymeric material with an average molecular weight range indicat- Y ing the presence of approximately three to: four nitrogen atoms inthe polymerized mass..

Polymerieed hydroxyomine-Emdmpk 3 The same procedure is followed as in Example 2, except that a slightly higher temperature, approximately 10 higher, is employed, and a somewhat longer time of reaction, for instance,

one-half toone and one-half hours longer. In

the acetate, dissolves in water (for instance, a solution varying in concentration from one tenth of 1% to 1%) and gives a foamy solution indicating high surface activity.

Polymerized hydroxy amine-Example 4 Tri-isopropanolamine is substituted for triethanolamine in Examples 1, 2 and 3.

Polymerized hydromy amine-Example 5 Tripentanolamine is substituted for triethanolamine in Examples 1, 2 and 3.

Polymerized hydroxy amine-Example 6 Polyethanolamine of the following formula:

C2H4OC2H4OH N-CaHlOCaHlOH C2HAOC2H4OH is substituted for triethanolamine in the previous examples.

Polymerized hydroxy amineEa:ample 7 Polymerized hydrozcy amine-Example 8 Diglycerylamine is substituted for triethanolamine, in Examples 1, 2 and 3, previously described.

As previously stated, the preferred polymerized hydroxy amines are water-soluble, but the waterinsoluble type, or substantially water-insoluble type, of the kind previously referred to, may also be employed. Furthermore, it must be remembered that the final criterion of degree of polymerization, especially in the initial stages. is dependent upon an actual molecular weight determination, ratherthan on time of reaction.

In order to briefly characterize the type of material contemplated, it may be reduced to its simplest terms in the following manner: The reaction product of a polybasic acid body and an acylated amine .of the kind to be described is characterized by having one or more free carboxyl radicals, and thus could be indicated in the following manner:

D. (coon) b in which b is a small whole number, and D, of

course, is a residue of the kind to be described. Similarly, if the acidic hydrogen atom is replaced by a suitable equivalent,- then the formula may be rewritten:

in which Z represents any suitable atom, such as a sodium atom, or a radical, such as an ethyl radical, or mayeven represent the acidic hydrogen atom itself. Then, in the present instance. the specific sub-class maybe conveniently indicated, at least temporarily, by:

(0001). in which all of the characters have their previous significance; b may be zero or a small whole. number; and T is a residue derived by dehydroxylation of a polymerized hydroxy amine characterized by the presence of at least one free hydroxyl radical. The polymerized hydroxy amines, previously described, would always have at least one free hydroxyl radical, except in those instances where all of the hydroxyl radicals were eliminated by an etherization reaction with a monohydr'ic alcohol or an acylation reaction.

It is obvious that the particular sub-class herein contemplated may be obtained in various manners, such as by reacting phthalic acid or the anhydride with the complex amine, and then reacting such acidic fractional ester with the polymerized hydroxy amine. On the other hand, the polymerized amine might be reacted with phthalic anhydride or the like and then with the acylated amine. Other methods suggest themselves. (See aforementioned U. S. Patent No. 2,154,423 in regard to further details concerning the subject-matter which follows immediately.) 1

One can obtain or manufacture chemical com pounds whose composition is indicated by the following formulas:

OH.CIHI

R.COO.C2H4

The compounds above described may be sum- 4 marized by the following formula:

in which mrepresents the number 1 or 2, 111' represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that .However; the radical can, which appears in th above formula, may represent any similar radical, such as'a CaHe radical, CiHB radical, etc., and therefore, the above formula may be a rewritten:

(a.coo.c..n=.).

where n represents a small whole number, preferably not over 10. I

In the above formulas, T represents a hydrogen atom or a non-hydroxy aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, or similar radical; or T may represent a nonhydnoxy alicyclic radical, such as a cyclohexyl radical, or a non-hydroxy aralkyl radical, such as ab'e'nzyl radical; or the acylated radical obtained by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of" a monobasic carboxy acid, such as acetic acid, butyric acid, heptoic acid, or the like, all of which are characterized by having less than eight carbon atoms. The alkylol radical, prior to acylation, may be a hydroxy alicyclic or a hydroxy aralkyl radical, provided that the hydroxy radical is attached to the aliphatic residue of the aralkyl radical.

In the above formula, R.C0O represents the oxy-acyl or acid radical derived from the acid R.COOH. R.COOH represents any monobasic detergent-fuming carboxy acid, such as a typical fatty acid or abietic acid or naphthenic acid. Typical fatty acids are those which occur in naturally-occurring oils and fats, and generally have eight or more carbon' atoms, and not over 32 car.- bon atoms. Common examples include oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, erucic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, etc. These acids combine with alkali to produce soap or soap-like materials and are commonly referred to as being monobasic detergentforming carboxy acids.

The alkylol radical, previously referred to, prior to esteriiication, may be a hydroxy alicyclic or a hydroxy aralkyl radical, provided that the hydroxy radical is attached to the aliphatic residue of the aralkyl radical.

As to the amines above described, which happento be tertiary amines, it may be well to point out that these may be formed readily by a reaction involving an ester of the selected detergentforming acid; for instance, a fatty acid ester,

to U. S. Patent No. 2,167,348, dated July 25, 1939, to De Groote, Kei'ser and Blair, Jr.

In the remaining type of material there is an amino hydrogen atom present. The manufacture of such material may be illustrated by the following reactions:

OH.CIH(

12.000 011.0134 R.CO0.C:H4

11.0 0 O'G:Hu NH-3 NH-i-CaHKOH) 1 0H-CIH4 NH OH.C;H|

such as the glyceride, and a corresponding amine. This may be illustrated in the following manner:

Suitable hydroxy primary and secondary amines, which may be employed to produce ma- OH-ClHl acoo-cml 0H.0,m-N a OH.C:HaN+C:Hi(OH)' n.0oo 011.0211 0110,11

OH-CtHr-N OILCaHa-N 2.000

01mm. 11.000 01115 R 000 OILCIHi 3.600.015 R'COO cumin-N a R-COOJJIHPNI'ZCaHKOH):

oaclm 011.0,11. R.C0OC3Ha OH-CaHa acoo Reference is made to 'co-pending application for patent, Serial No. 180,993, filed December 21, .1937, by Melvin De Groote, Bernhard Keiser, and Charles M. Blair, Jr.

It triethanolamine, as employed in the above formula, is replaced by ethyl diethanolamine, then one would obtain one of the remaining types of tertiary amines illustrated. Reference is made terials of the kind above described include the following: diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, ethyl ethanolamine, methyl ethanolamine, propanolamine, dipropanolamine, propyl propanolamine, etc. Other examples include cyclohexanolamine, dicyclohexanolamine, cyclo hexyl ethanolamine, cyclohexyl propanolamine, benzyl ethanolamine, benzyl propanolamine, pentanolamine,

dicyclohexanol ethylamine, benzyl diethanolamine, dibenzylethanolamine, benzyl dipropanolamine, tripentanolamine, .trihexanolamine, ethyl hexyl ethanolamine, octadecyl diethanolamine, polyethanolamine, etc.

It is also known that one may have amines of the type:

Such amines may serve as functional equivalents of the previously described amines.

All of the amines of the kind above described are characterized by the formula:

in which m represents the number 1 or 2, m represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and n represents a small whole number, preferably not over 10, and T has its previous significance.

Such amines are not quaternary ammonium compounds or salts thereof. Similarly, these amine compounds are not amides. Furthermore, they are derived only from basic amines. The word basic is employed to exclude amines having little or no basicity, such as the ordinary aromatic amines, or any amine having at least one aryl radical directly joined to the amino nitrogen atom. Finally, it must be recognized that these materials have not lost any basicity in the form of the esterified amine or basic polyamine; that is, they combine with water to form a base, presumably a substituted ammonium compound or substituted polyammonium compound. They combine with various acids to form salts. It is to be noted, however, that these materials are not amine salts, i. e., amine salts of hydroxy fatty acids. If a hydroxy fatty acid be indicated thus:

OHRCOOH and the amine thus:

x x N then, as stated, the products of the kind described are not salts and do not confgrrn to the salt formula:

Thus, the acylated amines of the kind described may be combined with acetlo acid, hy-

drochloric acid, lactic acid, chloracetic acid, nitric acid, butyric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, or any suitable organic or inorganic acid to form salts. It is understood that reference in the specification and appended claims to amines includes the basic form, and the,,acid form, and the salt form, as well as the amine itself. Naturally, where more than one basic nitrogen atom exists in a compound, it is not necessary that all such nitrogen atoms be present in the same form, that is, the basic form, or the salt form. In fact, it is immaterial as to the particular state in which a basic nitrogen atom radical is present. This statement applies with equal force and eifect to the final product or composition of matter which represents a basic amine or basic polyamine of a more complex type.

Reference is again made to the formula which summarizes the various amines used as intermediate rawv materials, viz.:

in which the characters have their previous signiflcance.

Attention is directed to the fact that where the substituted alkyl radical OH.R.COO.C2H4 appears, a suitable non-aryl radical other than an aliphatic residue may serve as the functional equivalent; for instance, an alicyclic radical derived from a cyclohexyl radical or an aralkyl radical derived from a benzyl radical. In other words, in the hereto appended claims reference to the CnHZn radical, as such, or as an alkyl radical or residue is intended in the broad sense to include the alicyclic radicals or residues or the aralkyl radicals or residues which are the equivalent thereoi. There is no intention to include an aromatic radical where there is a direct linkage between the aromatic nucleus and the amino nitrogen atom, for the reason that such products have little or no basicity, and do not have the characteristic properties of the amines previously described.

The manufacture of intermediate compounds from tertiary amines is relatively simple, because no precautions are necessary to prevent amidification. The selected detergent-forming acid, or ester, as, for example, a fatty oil, and the selected hydroxy tertiary amine, are mixed in suitable proportionsand heated at some point above the boiling point of water; for instance, 110 C., and at a point below the decomposition point of the amine or the fatty oil; for instance, 180 C., for a suitable period of time, such astwo to eight hours. Mild agitation is employed. A catalyst, such as sodium oleate, sodium carbonate, caustic soda, etc., may be present in amounts of about one-half of 1% or less. It is noted that the fatty acids are employed in this instance in the form of an ester, to wit, the glyceride, although, as previously pointed out, other functional equivalents can be readily employed with equal facility. It is to be noted that the reactions above described do not take place to any appreciable extent, if the fatty acid has been converted into the soap or salt. ,Such salts are not functional equivalents. As previously indicated, an ester of abietio acid might be employed, if desired.

When, however, one is employing a hydroxy secondary amine, precautions must be taken, so that one gets a substantial percentage of products derived by esteriflcation, rather than amidification. Any suitable ester may be employed, but it is often most convenient to employ the glyceride of a fatty acid, for instance, triricinolein.

The selected glyceride and the selected hydroxy secondary amine are mixed in suitable proportions and heated at some point above the boiling point of the amine or fatty material, for instance,

180 C., for a suitable period of time, such as p 4-24 hours.

Mild agitation is employed. A catalyst, such as sodium oleate, sodium carbonate, caustic soda, etc., may be present in amounts of about or less. It is to be noted that the fatty acids are present in ester form, and not in the form of the free acid, and thus there is no tendency to form the salt to any marked extent, and if conducted at the lower range of reaction temperatures, there is a decided tendency to form the esterificatlon products, rather than the amidification products.

In order to illustrate suitable examples of the amines, which may be used as intermediate raw materials. the following examples are given:

Intermediate amine-Example 1 Intermediate amineExample 2 The same procedure is followed as in Intermediate amine-Example 1, except that the ratio employed is two moles of the castor oil to three moles of triethanolamine.

Intermediate amine-Example 3 One mole of methyl naphthenate is reacted in the manner previously described with one mole of triethanolamine.

Intermediate amine-Example 4 Diethanolamine is substituted for the triethanolamine employed in Example 3.

Intermediate amine-Example 5 Methyl abietate is substituted for the methyl naphthenate used in Examples 3 and 4 above.

- Intermediate amine-Example 6 Olive oil is substituted for the castor oil u ed in Examples 1 and 2 above. v JV Intermediate amine-Example 7 Ethyl diethanolamine is substitutedfor the tri-' ethanolamine used in previous examples where triethanolamine has been'ernployed, but ratios changed, if required, so that there isalways one non-esterified ethanol radical present.

I Intermediate amine 'ascample s Cyclohexyl diethanolamine is substituted for triethanolamine in previous examples'wheretriethanolamine has been employed, but subject to the same modification as indicated in Example 7,

immediately preceding.

Intermed'ate amme- -lE'xample .9 Benzyl diethanolamine is substituted rot-triethanolamine in previous examples where it has been employed. (See modification noted in ,Ex-

amples 7 and 8, immediately above).

Having prepared the relatively simpler intermediate amine of the kind previously described, the second step in the preparation of the new composition of matter is to produce an esterified amine of the kind obtainable by reaction of the intermediate amine, above described, and a polybasic carboxy acid or its functional equivalent, such as the anhydride, with the proviso that such functional equivalent shall not include (a) the acid esters derived by reaction between a polybasic acid such as phthalic acid or its anhydride, and an alcohol acid (hydroxy acid) such as ricinoleic acid and the like; or (b) the acid ester derived by a reaction between a polybasic carboxy acid, such as phthalic acid and its anhydride, and a fractional ester of the detergentforming acid, such as mono-olein, mono-naphthenin, monopabietin, etc.

These last mentioned classes of materials which are not contemplated in this present application are described in the two U. S. Patents Nos. 2,166,431 and 2,166,433 to Melvin De Groote, dated July 18, 1939.

The polybasic carboxy acids which may be employed, including some having at least three carboxyl radicals, are phthalic, succinic, malic, fumaric, citric, maleic, adipic, tartaric, glutaric, diphenic, naphthalic, oxalic, etc.

Having prepared the intermediate amines above described, it is only necessary to react such amines with the selected polybasic carboxy acid or its functional equivalent in such a manner as to produce an esterified product, as difierentiated from a salt. There is no objection to salt formation, provided that esterification also takes place.

In view of what has been said previously, such polybasic carboxy acid'ester must be of the kind in which there is available at least one carboxyl radical attached to the polybasio carboxy acid residue, and at least one such carboxyl radical or radicals must be esterified with a polymerized hydroxy amine of the kind which have been previously described in considerable detail. Needless to say, the final esterification step, for

v instance, the step involving the use of polymerized triethanolamine and phthalic anhydride bodies may take place prior to the esterificaton of the intermediate amine of the kind above described. For instance, one mole' of polymerized triethanolamine containing on the average of about three to four amino nitrogen atoms per polymeric unit, may be treated with one mole of phthalic anhydride in such a manner as to yield a product having free carboxyl radicals. However, such procedure is aptto be'more difficult, as a rule, than treating the acylatedhydroxy amine with phthalic' anhydride, and then treating the phthalated body with a polymerized amine. The

reason is, that reaction between the phthalic anhydride and polymerized amine directly may 'give insoluble or almost insoluble masses, which re-act ,veryslowly with the 'acylated amine. It

; istobe noted, 'of course, that if the polymerized hydroxy amine contained an. acylated radical,

that itstillwould permit the product to actin thesanie functional manner as if the acyl radical were absent. Such acyl radical might be derived from a detergent-forming acid, or froman acid -7 having less than eight carbon atoms, as, for example, acetic acid, butyric acid, or heptoic acid. For the sake ot cfpnvenience, the products will be described whicii iemploy the preferred procedure, 1. e.-', reacting the acylated amine with phthalic anhydride, and then reacting the carboxy body Y so obtained with the polymerized hydroxy amine previously described.

Semi-finished esterification product-Example 1 Castor oil is reacted with triethanolamine (see Example 1 in previous group of intermediate amine examples), so as to produce material corresponding to:

OH.R.COO.C:II4\

in which OH.R.COO represents the ricinoleic acid radical. One molecular weight of this material is reacted with three molecular weights of phthalic anhydride. This is a conventional esterification reaction, and the materials are intimately mixed and heated to approximately -160 C., with constant agitation, until samples taken from the batch and analyzed show substantially complete disappearance of the hydroxyl value and substantially no free phthalic anhydride. In the event that the hydroxyl value disappears and phthalic anhydride is still present, the amount should be decreased to approximately 2% or 2 moles, or thereabouts. A suitable solvent may be present, and any water formed may be distilled off continuously during the esterification process. The solvent may remain behind in the final product, or may be removed, if desired.

Semi-finished esteriflcation product-Example 2 oncini The product is phthalated in a manner indicated in the example immediately preceding.

' Semi-finished esterification product-Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Example 1, except that proportions of triethanolamine and castor oil are changed so as to obtain a product which is predominantly of. the following composition:

Having prepared the semi-finished esterification products above described, it isonly necessary to react such complex esters which are essentially half or fractional acids, or fractional esters, with the s'electedhydroxylated amine of the type previously described. It is necessary to note that simple mixture of the two produces a salt and not an ester, and that in order to produce esteriflcation, one must heat to a temperature above the boiling point of water and below the point of decomposition. In other wordsfthe conditions of esteriflcation are those conventionally employed and are comparable to the conditions employed, preferably in the manufacture of the intermediate amine, and also in the manufacture of the semi-finished esterification product.

Composition of matter, Example 1 A fairly large quantity of the semi-finished esteriflcatlon product produced according to Semi-finished esteriflcation product, Example 1, is divided into three equal portions. Each portion then, is neutralized with sumcient polymerized ethanolamine of the kind described in polymerized hydroxy amine, Examples 1, 2 and 3 to eliminate one-third the free acidity. The product in all the three separate mixtures are then heated in three separate vessels or consecutively in the same vessel until substantially all, and preferably all, of the acidity, due to the presence of the hydrogen carboxyl radical, has disappeared, or'are heated at least to the point where water is no longer driven off.

Composition of matter, Eramp le 2 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, preceding, except that the amounts of polymerized triethanolamine added in each of the three instances is suiiicient to neutralize two thirds of the acidity before the final esteriflcation step.

Composition of matter, Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example, 1, except that sufflcient polymerized triethanolamine is added in all three instancesto neutralize completely all the acidity before the final esteriflcation step.

Composition of matter, Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in Composi-' tion of matter, Example 1, except that one employs semi-finished e'steriflcation product, Example 3, instead of Example 1, and a suflicient amount of the three diflerent polymerized triethanolamine products is added to neutralize one-half the total acidity.

Composition of matter, Example 5 The same procedure is followed as in Example 4, except that suflicient polymerized triethanolamine is added-to neutralize all the acidity before the final esteriflcation step.

Composition of matter, Example 6 Polymerized tri-isopropanolamine prepared according to Polymerized hydroxy amine, Example 2, above, is substitutedv for Polymerized triethanolamine in Examples 1 to 5, inclusive, preceding.v

Composition of matter, Example 7 acylated amines, and thus may be substituted,

for example, in the previous examples.

As previously stated, the polymerized hydroxy amine may be acylated by the introduction of various detergent-forming acid radicals, and radicais derived from acids having less than eight 'carbonatoms, as, for example, acetic acid, heptoic acid ,-and the like. As has been stated, the hydroxyamines may be etherized in the manner previously described, but in any event, there must be a bond between at least one polybasic acid residue, such as phthalic acid residue, and the polymerized amine. It is to be noted that in the hereto appended claims, where reference is made to non-acylated polymerized hydroxy amines, it is concerned with the type which is free from acyl radicals, other than acyl radicals derived from poiybasic carboxy acids, or acyl radicals derived from non-detergent-forming acids, 1. e., carboxy acids containing less than eight carbon atoms, as, for example, acetic acid or heptoic acid. Furthermore, it is intended in the hereto appended claims that such polymerized hydroxy amines shall not contain radicals derived from monohydric alcohols having six carbon atoms, or more, as, for example, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, or octadecyl alcohol. The polymerized hydroxy amines may contain radicals derived from ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, or the like. As has been indicated, this limitation does not exclude ethers derived from various glycerols, polyglycerols, and the like, all of which are polyhydric.

Similarly, it is evident that where reference is made to phthalic acid, some simple derivative, such as chlorinated phthalic acid, brominated phthalic acid, methylated phthalic acid, or the like, would simply act as a functional equivalent. This applies not only to phthalic acid, but to all the dibasic acids enumerated. Similarly, it is evident that there is no intention to differentiate between isomeric forms. One isomeric form may serve as well as another.

We are aware that in complex esteriflcations of the kind indicated, one may obtain products which are resinous or semi-resinous in nature and represent polymeric or semi-polymeric forms of simple monomers, which may perhaps be indicated by structural formulas of a rather complex nature. If one cares to indicate the product by a structural formula which contemplates the monomer, then obviously the polymer would represent such bracketed monomer followed by a sub-letter n to indicate the polymeric form, with the proviso that a certain amount of water would be eliminated in the polymeric form: and thus, the composition of the polymeric form and the monomeric form, as far as structural formulasgo, would be slightl different. But it is our intention that if the product need be designated by a structural formula, the formula for the monomer shall be understood also to include the structure for the polymer. e

As has been pointed out previously, where fatty acids occur, or polybasic carboxy acids occur, or residues thereof, any ionizable hydrogen atom or the equivalent thereof may be replaced by a suitable metallic atom, such as a sodium atom or an ammonium radical or an amine radical, or an organic radical derived from an amine, particularly a hydroxylated amine, or from a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol. As to this equivalency, we again emphasize that it is intended that in the claims and specification, the expression fatty acid compound or polybasic carboxy acid compound shall contemplate all the various forms; and we specifically include all the functional equivalents which have been described in great detail in our aforementioned pending application.

The functional equivalents of all these variations have been pointed out previously and are readily comprehended; and the scope of the claims in the light of such obvious equivalents requires no further discussion.

Conventional demulsifying agents employed in the treatment of oilfield emulsions are used as such, or after dilution with any suitable solvent, such as water, petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, kerosene, stove oil, a coal tar product, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tar acid oil, cresol, anthracene oil, etc. Alcohols, particularly aliphatic alcohols, such .as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, denatured alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, etc., may be employed as diluents. Miscellaneous solvents, such as pine oil, carbon tetrachloride, sulfur dioxide extract obtained in the refining of petroleum, etc, may be employed as diluents. Similarly, the material or materials employed as the demulsifying agent of our process may be admixed with one or more of the solvents customarily used in connection with conventional demulsifying agents. Moreover, said material or materials may be used alone, or in admixture with other suitable well known classes of demulsifying agents.

It is well known that conventional demulsifying agents may be used in a water-soluble form, or in an oil-soluble form, or in a form exhibiting both oil and water solubility. Sometimes they may be used in a form which exhibits relatively limited oil solubility. However, since such reagents are sometimes used in a ratio of 1 to 10,000, or 1 to 20,000, or even 1 to 30,000, such an apparent insolubility in oil and water is not significant, because said reagents undoubtedly have solubility within the concentration employed. This same fact is true in regard to the material or materials employed as the demulsifying agent of our process.

We desire to point out that the superiority of the reagent or demulsifying agent contemplated in our process is based upon its ability to treat certain emulsions more advantageously and at a somewhat lower cost than is possible with other available demulsifiers, or conventional mixtures thereof. It is believed that the particular demulsifying agent or treating agent herein described will find comparatively limited application, so far as the majority of oil field emulsions are concerned; but we have found that such a demulsifying agent has commercial value, as it will economically break or resolve oil field emulsions in a number of cases which cannot be treated a easily or at so low a cost with the de- 'mulsifying agents heretofore available.

In practising our process, a treating agent or demulsifying agent of the kind above described is brought into contact with or caused to act upon the emulsion to be treated, in any of the various ways, or by any of the various apparatus now generally used to resolve or break petroleum emulsions with a chemical reagent, the above procedure being used either alone, or in combination with other demulsifying procedure, such as the electrical dehydration process.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 2..

l. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which R.COO represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from a detergent-forming monocarboxy acid having not more than 32' carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; n represents a small whole number which is less than 10; m represents the number 1 or 2; m represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+-m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

2. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of thekind derivable'by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which H.000 represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from a detergent-forming monocarboxy acid having not more than 32 "carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; n represents a small whole number which is less than 10; m represents the number 1 or 2; m represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: '(a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

3. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free-from an ether radical derived from a monohydric alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and'of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which R.COO represents the oxy -acylradical derived from a detergent-forming monocaiboxy acid having not more than 32 carbon atoms; (51 represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated 'r'adical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxyacid having less than'8 carbon atoms; n represents a small whole number which is less than 10'; m represents the number 1 or 2; 122 represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

4. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a nonacylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand. an amine of the formula type:

in which H.000 represents the oxy-acyl'radical derived from a detergent-forming monocarboxy acid having not more than 32 carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; n represents a small whole number which is less than 10; m represents the number 1 or 2; m represents the number 1 or 2,

and m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen. atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

5. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to'the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a Water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction acid having not more than 32 carbon atoms; T.

in which R.COO represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from a detergent-forming monocarboxy represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; 11. represents a small whole number which is less than 10; m represents the number 1 or 2; 111/ represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m+m"=3; and on the other hand, a poly basic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxy-l radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

6. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and, second, a fractional ester containing at least one oarboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

(R.COO.C 2H4)m Nmm" (OHLCzHQa' in which R.COO represents the cry-acyl radical derived from a detergent-forming monocarboxy acid having not more than 32 carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a' mono'basic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 1 or 2; m represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one of more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

7. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esteriiication reactions between: first, a wator-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esteriflcation reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

(R.C00.C:H4)-

(OILCgHOm' in which R.COO represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from a fatty acid at least 8 andnot more than 32 carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 1 or 2; m represents the number 1 or 2, and m" represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, apoly basic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical;

and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

8. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-inoil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

(R.COO.C2H4)m Nor)" orrolnom' in which R.COO represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from a hydroxylated fatty acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with'the provisothat m+'m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical asa substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric' a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction 7 derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a polybasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

10. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

N hu

(OH-C2 4)m' in which R.COO represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasiccarboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the. other hand, a dibasic carboxy acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

11. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esteriflcation reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esteriflcation reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which H.000 represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radicalof a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a phthalic acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acid hydrogen atom of' any carboxyl radical; and (b), the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

12. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine of the dimeric type free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which R.COO rep-resents the oxy-acyl radical derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=8; and on the other hand, a phthalic acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

13. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine of the polymeric type free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one carboxyl radical and of thekind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

- (R.COO.CzH4)m (030,114)... in which H.000 represents the oXy-acyl radical derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acy radical of a monobasic carboxy acid having less than 8 carbon atoms; mrepresents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"=3; and on the other hand, a phthalic acid compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhy-dric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

14. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifying agent, comprising products of the kind derivable by esterification reactions between: first, a water-soluble non-acylated. heat polymerized basic hydroxy amine of the surface-active type free from ether radicals derived from an alcohol; and second, a fractional ester containing at least one .carboxyl radical and of the kind derivable by esterification reaction between: on the one hand, an amine of the formula type:

in which H.000 represents the oxy-acyl radical derived from ricinoleic acid; T represents a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon radical or the non-hydroxy acylated radical derived by replacing a hydrogen atom of the hydrcxyl group of an alkylol radical by the acyl radical of a monobasic carboxyacidhaving less than 8 carbon atoms; m represents the number 0 or 1, with the proviso that m+m'+m"= 3; and on the other hand, a phthalic acid'compound characterized by: (a) the absence of any hydroxy fatty acid radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical; and (b) the absence of any polyhydric alcohol radical as a substituent for an acidic hydrogen atom of any carboxyl radical if said polyhydric alcohol radical is also united with one or more monobasic carboxy detergent-forming acid radicals.

MELVIN DE GROOTE.- BERNHARD KEISER. CHARLES M. BLAIR, JR. 

